Decline driven by October 7 attacks and ensuing war in Gaza and northern Israel, but rebound seen in early 2024; most immigrants come from Russia, Ukraine, US, Belarus and France, settling mainly in Tel Aviv, Haifa and Jerusalem

A Jewish customer in Melbourne requested to laminate an article about the October 7 massacre, and an employee of the local Officeworks store refused and threatened to call the police; The customer has filed a complaint alleging racial and religious vilification